Deep endometriosis: clinical and epidemiological findings of diagnosed women according to the criteria of the international deep endometriosis analysis group (IDEA) / Endometriose profunda: achados clínicos e epidemiológicos de mulheres diagnosticadas segundo critérios do International Deep Endometriosis Analysis Group (IDEA)

Introdução: endometriose ocorre quando o tecido semelhante ao endométrio acomete o peritônio, podendo infiltrar estruturas e órgãos como o intestino, o ureter, a bexiga ou a vagina e geralmente está acompanhado de processo inflamatório. Estima-se que a doença acometa 6 a 10% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva e mais de 50% das mulheres inférteis. Os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos das pacientes com EP disponíveis na literatura são provenientes de estudos cujas amostras foram selecionadas por cirurgia, portanto passíveis de vieses de seleção. A ultrassonografia pélvica endovaginal com preparo intestinal (USGTVP) tem valores de especificidade e sensibilidade elevados.Objetivo: analisar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico das pacientes portadoras de EP diagnosticadas através da USGTVP.Método: estudo transversal, que analisou 227 pacientes com diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de endometriose profunda. Resultados: infertilidade acometeu 43,8% das mulheres. Sintomas álgicos considerados como moderado ou grave (escala visual analógica, EVA, >3) apresentaram respectivamente a seguinte prevalência e valores médios na escala de EVA: dismenorreia em 84,7% (6,9), dispareunia em 69,1%, (4,5) disquezia menstrual em 60,7% (4,3) e disúria menstrual em 35,7% das pacientes. Antecedente de múltiplas cirurgias ocorreu em 10,4 % e apenas 6,8 % das portadoras haviam realizado fisioterapia para assoalho pélvico.Conclusão: a população portadora de EP apresentou alta prevalência de infertilidade e sintomas álgicos, achados que refletem o impacto social na qualidade de vida e no planejamento familiar dessas mulheres. A alta frequência de antecedentes de múltiplas abordagens cirúrgicas e a baixa incidência de antecedente de realização de fisioterapia pélvica na população com EP, contrariando as recomendações de tratamento ideal atualmente já estabelecidas, sinalizam a dificuldade de acesso das portadoras a centros especializados.

Introduction: endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the endometrium affects the peritoneum, which can infiltrate structures and organs such as the bowel, ureter, bladder or vagina and is usually accompanied by an inflammatory process. It is estimated that the disease affects 6 to 10% of women of reproductive age and more than 50% of infertile women. The clinical and epidemiological data of patients with deep endometriosis (DE) available in the literature come from studies whose samples were selected by surgery, therefore subject to selection bias. Transvaginal pelvic ultrasound with bowel preparation (TVUBP) has high specificity and sensitivity values. Objective: to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with DE diagnosed through the TVUBP.Methods: it is a cross-sectional study of 227 patients with an ultrasound diagnosis of deep endometriosis. Results: infertility affected 43.8% of women. Painful symptoms considered as moderate or severe (visual analogue scale, VAS, >3) had the following prevalence and mean values on the VAS scale, respectively: dysmenorrhea in 84.7% (6.9), dyspareunia in 69.1%, (4.5), menstrual dyschezia in 60.7% (4.3) and menstrual dysuria in 35.7% of patients. A history of multiple surgeries occurred in 10.4% and only 6.8% of patients had undergone physiotherapy for the pelvic floor. Conclusion: the DE population had a high prevalence of infertility and pain symptoms, which reflect the social impact on these women's quality of life and family planning. The high frequency of history of multiple surgical approaches and the low incidence of history of pelvic physiotherapy in the population with DE, contrary to the currently established ideal treatment recommendations, indicate the difficulty of access for patients to specialized centers

Metabolomics for prediction of hypertension in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a very important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite efforts on prevention. The lack of a tool to provide effective and early prediction of hypertension for a high-risk group may contribute to improving maternal and fetal outcomes. Metabolomics has figured out as a promised technology to contribute to the improvement of hypertension in pregnancy prediction. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Our primary outcome is hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. A detailed systematic literature search will be performed in electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin America and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Health Technology Assessment and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects using controlled terms 'pre-eclampsia', 'hypertensive disorders', 'metabolomics' and 'prediction' (and their variations). Studies from the latest 20 years will be included, except case reports, reviews, cross-sectional studies, letter to editors, expert opinions, commentaries papers or non-human research. If possible, we will perform a meta-analysis. Two peer-reviewers will independently perform the search and in cases of discordance, a third reviewer will be consulted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As a systematic review, ethics approval is not required. The results of this review will present the current use and performance of metabolomics for predicting gestational hypertension. Such data could potentially guide future studies and interventions to improve existing prediction models. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018097409.

Examining the predictive accuracy of metabolomics for small-for-gestational-age babies: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: To date, there is no robust enough test to predict small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, who are at increased lifelong risk of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of metabolomics in predicting SGA babies and elucidate which metabolites are predictive of this condition. DATA SOURCES: Two independent researchers explored 11 electronic databases and grey literature in February 2018 and November 2018, covering publications from 1998 to 2018. Both researchers performed data extraction and quality assessment independently. A third researcher resolved discrepancies. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Cohort or nested case-control studies were included which investigated pregnant women and performed metabolomics analysis to evaluate SGA infants. The primary outcome was birth weight <10th centile-as a surrogate for fetal growth restriction-by population-based or customised charts. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: Two independent researchers extracted data on study design, obstetric variables and sampling, metabolomics technique, chemical class of metabolites, and prediction accuracy measures. Authors were contacted to provide additional data when necessary. RESULTS: A total of 9181 references were retrieved. Of these, 273 were duplicate, 8760 were removed by title or abstract, and 133 were excluded by full-text content. Thus, 15 studies were included. Only two studies used the fifth centile as a cut-off, and most reports sampled second-trimester pregnant women. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was the most common metabolomics approach. Untargeted studies in the second trimester provided the largest number of predictive metabolites, using maternal blood or hair. Fatty acids, phosphosphingolipids and amino acids were the most prevalent predictive chemical subclasses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Significant heterogeneity of participant characteristics and methods employed among studies precluded a meta-analysis. Compounds related to lipid metabolism should be validated up to the second trimester in different settings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018089985.

New Approaches to Fetal Growth Restriction: The Time for Metabolomics Has Come.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) diagnosis is often made by fetal biometric ultrasound measurements or Doppler evaluation, but most babies are only diagnosed after birth, using the birth weight as a proxy for intrauterine development. The higher risks of neurodevelopmental delay, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular illness associated with FGR impose a shift on the focus during pregnancy. New methodological approaches, like metabolomics, can provide novel biomarkers for intrauterine fetal development. Recent evidence on metabolites involved with fetal growth and weight show a consistent role played by lipids (especially fatty acids), amino acids, vitamin D and folic acid. Fetal energy source and metabolism, structural functions, and nervous system functioning need further evaluations in different populations. In the near future, the establishment of a core set of outcomes for FGR studies may improve the identification of the role of each metabolite in its development. Thus, we will concretely progress with the perspective of a translational capacity of metabolomics for this condition.

O diagnóstico da restrição do crescimento fetal (RCF) é frequentemente feito por medidas biométricas ultrassonográficas ou por avaliação pela Dopplervelocimetria, mas, na maioria dos casos, o diagnóstico é apenas pós-natal, usando o peso ao nascimento como um marcador para o desenvolvimento intrauterino. Riscos maiores de atraso do neurodesenvolvimento, síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares associadas com a RCF impõem uma mudança no foco durante a gestação. Novas abordagens metodológicas, como a metabolômica, podem fornecer novos biomarcadores para o desenvolvimento fetal intrauterino. As evidências recentes sobre os metabolitos envolvidos com o crescimento e peso fetal mostram um papel consistente desempenhado pelos lipídios (especialmente os ácidos graxos), aminoácidos, vitamina D e ácido fólico. A fonte de energia fetal e seu metabolismo, a função estrutural e o funcionamento do sistema nervoso devem ser detalhadamente investigados nos próximos estudos de validação. Em breve, o estabelecimento de um conjunto de desfechos a serem descritos para os estudos de RCF pode melhorar a identificação do papel de cada metabolito no seu desenvolvimento. Assim, iremos progredir no entendimento da RCF numa perspectiva da capacidade translacional da metabolômica para este transtorno.

Use of metabolomics for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic pregnant women: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and short- and long-term morbidity. The aetiology and pathophysiology of spontaneous PTB (sPTB) are still unclear, which makes the identification of reliable and accurate predictor markers more difficult, particularly for unscreened or asymptomatic women. Metabolomics biomarkers have been demonstrated to be potentially accurate biomarkers for many disorders with complex mechanisms such as PTB. Therefore, we aim to perform a systematic review of metabolomics markers associated with sPTB. Our research question is 'What is the performance of metabolomics for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic pregnant women?' METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will focus on studies assessing metabolomics techniques for predicting sPTB in asymptomatic pregnant women. We will conduct a comprehensive systematic review of the literature from the last 10 years. Only observational cohort and case-control studies will be included. Our search strategy will be carried out by two independent reviewers, who will scan title and abstract before carrying out a full review of the article. The scientific databases to be explored include PubMed, MedLine, ScieLo, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and others. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review protocol does not require ethical approval. We intend to disseminate our findings in scientific peer-reviewed journal, the Preterm SAMBA study open access website, specialists' conferences and to our funding agencies. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018100172.

Metabolomics for predicting fetal growth restriction: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a relevant research and clinical concern since it is related to higher risks of adverse outcomes at any period of life. Current predictive tools in pregnancy (clinical factors, ultrasound scan, placenta-related biomarkers) fail to identify the true growth-restricted fetus. However, technologies based on metabolomics have generated interesting findings and seem promising. In this systematic review, we will address diagnostic accuracy of metabolomics analyses in predicting FGR. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Our primary outcome is small for gestational age infant, as a surrogate for FGR, defined as birth weight below the 10th centile by customised or population-based curves for gestational age. A detailed systematic literature search will be carried in electronic databases and conference abstracts, using the keywords 'fetal growth retardation', 'metabolomics', 'pregnancy' and 'screening' (and their variations). We will include original peer-reviewed articles published from 1998 to 2018, involving pregnancies of fetuses without congenital malformations; sample collection must have been performed before clinical recognition of growth impairment. If additional information is required, authors will be contacted. Reviews, case reports, cross-sectional studies, non-human research and commentaries papers will be excluded. Sample characteristics and the diagnostic accuracy data will be retrieved and analysed. If data allows, we will perform a meta-analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As this is a systematic review, no ethical approval is necessary. This protocol will be publicised in our institutional websites and results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018089985.

[Risk factors for macrosomia in newborns at a school-maternity in northeast of Brazil]. / Fatores de risco para macrossomia em recém-nascidos de uma maternidade-escola no nordeste do Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of macrosomia in babies born alive at a reference obstetric service, and its association with maternal risk factors. METHODS: a transversal descriptive study, including 551 women at puerperium, hospitalized at Instituto de Saúde Elpídio de Almeida, in Campina Grande (PB), Brazil, from August to October, 2007. Women, whose deliveries had been assisted at the institution, with babies born alive from one single gestation and approached in the first postpartum day, were included in the study. The nutritional and sociodemographic maternal characteristics were analyzed, and the ratio of macrosomia (birth weight >or=4.000 g) and its association with maternal variables were determined. Macrosomia was classified as symmetric or asymmetric according to Rohrer's index. Statistical analysis has been done through Epi-Info 3.5 software; the prevalence ratio (PR) and the confidence interval at 95% (CI 95%) were calculated. The research protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee and all the participants signed the informed consent. RESULTS: the mean maternal age was 24.7 years old, and the mean gestational age was 38.6 weeks. Excessive gestational weight gain was observed in 21.3% of the pregnant women, and 2.1% of the participants had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (gestational or clinic). A ratio of 5.4% of macrosomic newborns was found, 60 were asymmetric. There was no significant association between macrosomia, mother's age and parity. There was an association between macrosomia and overweight/obesity in the pre-gestational period (PR=2.9; CI 95%=1.0-7.8) and at the last medical appointment (PR=4.9; CI 95%=1.9-12.5), excessive weight gain (PR = 6.9; CI 95%:2.8-16.9), clinical or gestational diabetes (PR = 8.9; CI 95%:4.1-19.4) and hypertension (PR=2.9; CI 95%=1.1-7.9). The factors that persisted significantly associated with macrosomia in the multivariate analysis were the excessive weight gain during the gestation (RR=6.9; CI 95%=2.9-16.9) and the presence of diabetes mellitus (RR=8.9, CI 95%=4.1-19.4). CONCLUSIONS: considering that excessive gestational weight gain and diabetes mellitus were the factors more strongly associated with macrosomia, it is important that precocious detection measurements and adequate follow-up of such conditions be taken, aiming at preventing unfavorable perinatal outcomes.

Fatores de risco para macrossomia em recém-nascidos de uma maternidade-escola no nordeste do Brasil / Risk factors for macrosomia in newborns at a school-maternity in northeast of Brazil

OBJETIVO: determinar a frequência de macrossomia nos recém-nascidos vivos em um serviço obstétrico de referência e sua associação com fatores de risco maternos. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, incluindo 551 puérperas internadas no Instituto de Saúde Elpídio de Almeida, em Campina Grande (PB), entre agosto e outubro de 2007. Foram incluídas no estudo as mulheres cujos partos foram assistidos na instituição, com recém-nascidos vivos de uma gestação única, abordadas no primeiro dia do período pós-parto. Foram analisadas as características sociodemográficas e nutricionais maternas, determinando-se a frequência de macrossomia (peso ao nascer ≥4.000 g) e sua associação com as variáveis maternas. A macrossomia foi classificada como assimétrica ou simétrica de acordo com o índice de Rohrer. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do programa Epi-Info 3.5, calculando-se a razão de prevalência (RP) e o intervalo de confiança a 95% (IC 95%). O protocolo de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa local e todas as participantes do estudo assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. RESULTADOS: a média da idade materna encontrada foi de 24,7 anos e a idade gestacional média foi de 38,6 semanas. Ganho de peso gestacional excessivo foi observado em 21,3% das gestantes, sendo que 2,1% das participantes tinham o diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus (gestacional ou clínico). Encontrou-se uma frequência de 5,4% de recém-nascidos macrossômicos, dos quais 60% eram assimétricos. Não houve associação significativa entre macrossomia, idade materna e paridade. Verificou-se uma associação entre macrossomia e sobrepeso/obesidade pré-gestacional (RP=2,9; IC 95%=1,0-7,8) e na última consulta (RP=4,9; IC 95%=1,9-12,5), ganho ponderal excessivo (RP=6,9; IC 95%=2,8-16,9), diabetes clínico ou gestacional (RP=8,9; IC 95%=4,1-19,4) e hipertensão (RP=2,9; IC 95%=1,1-7,9)...

OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of macrosomia in babies born alive at a reference obstetric service, and its association with maternal risk factors. METHODS: a transversal descriptive study, including 551 women at puerperium, hospitalized at Instituto de Saúde Elpídio de Almeida, in Campina Grande (PB), Brazil, from August to October, 2007. Women, whose deliveries had been assisted at the institution, with babies born alive from one single gestation and approached in the first postpartum day, were included in the study. The nutritional and sociodemographic maternal characteristics were analyzed, and the ratio of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4.000 g) and its association with maternal variables were determined. Macrosomia was classified as symmetric or asymmetric according to Rohrer’s index. Statistical analysis has been done through Epi-Info 3.5 software; the prevalence ratio (PR) and the confidence interval at 95% (CI 95%) were calculated. The research protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee and all the participants signed the informed consent. RESULTS: the mean maternal age was 24.7 years old, and the mean gestational age was 38.6 weeks. Excessive gestational weight gain was observed in 21.3% of the pregnant women, and 2.1% of the participants had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (gestational or clinic). A ratio of 5.4% of macrosomic newborns was found, 60 were asymmetric. There was no significant association between macrosomia, mother’s age and parity. There was an association between macrosomia and overweight/obesity in the pre-gestational period (PR=2.9; CI 95%=1.0-7.8) and at the last medical appointment (PR=4.9; CI 95%=1.9-12.5), excessive weight gain (PR = 6.9; CI 95%:2.8-16.9), clinical or gestational diabetes (PR = 8.9; CI 95%:4.1-19.4) and hypertension (PR=2.9; CI 95%=1.1-7.9). The factors that persisted significantly associated with macrosomia in the multivariate analysis...

Aleitamento materno e crescimento de lactentes atendidos pelo programa de saúde da família / Breastfeeding and growth of infants assisted by the family health program

Besides the well known benefits of breastfeeding on the reduction of children's morbidity and mortality due to respiratory and infectious diseases, its impacton the growth of infants is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate breastfeeding duration and its relationship with growth during the first year of life in a cohort with 118 infants. Food-consumption records and anthropometric measurements were monitored monthly up to the sixth monthand at the ninth and twelfth months of life. The nutritional status of theinfants was assessed by the new reference growth charts of the World Health Organization - WHO, 2006. The data were analyzed through the Epi Info3.3.2 software and student t tests were used to assess the difference between mean weights and heights. At the sixth month of life, only 8.3% of the infants were feeding exclusively on breastfeeding and at the end of the follow-up33.8% were breastfeeding. No statistically signifi cant differences between theaverage weights and heights were found at the third, sixth or twelfth months of life, or between the average weight and height gains at the sixth and twelfth months of life. Most infants were normal concerning the nutritional statusafter 6 and 12 months of life. The results suggest the need for further studies in search of a better understanding about the effect of breastfeeding on the growth of infants based on the new WHO growth charts.

A pesar de los beneficios comprobados de la lactancia materna sobre la morbi-mortalidad por enfermedades infecciosas y respiratorias, su impacto en el crecimiento infantil no está claro. El presente estudio se propuso evaluar la duración de la lactancia materna y verificar su asociación con el crecimiento de 118 niños acompañados de una cohorte durante el primer año de vida. El registro delas prácticas alimentarias y de las medidas antropométricas fue realizado mensualmente hasta el sexto mes y trimestralmente hasta los doce meses. El estado nutricional de los niños fue evaluado utilizando el estándarde crecimiento infantil de la OMS. Los datosfueron analizados con el programa Epi Info3.3.2. Para evaluar la diferencia entre el pesoy la estatura con la lactancia materna, fue utilizado el test t de Student. Los resultados mostraron que apenas 8,3% de los niños estaban con lactancia materna exclusiva, y una prevalencia de lactancia materna de33,8% en el decimo segundo mes de vida. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los niños con o sin lactancia materna en relación a las medias de peso y estatura a los 3, 6 y 12 meses, así como enrelación a la ganancia pondero-estatural desde el nacimiento hasta los 6 y 12 meses de vida. La mayor parte de los niños presentó un adecuado estado nutricional a los 6 y 12 meses. Se indicala necesidad de nuevas investigaciones visando contribuir para una mejor comprensión de la influencia de la lactancia materna sobre el desarrollo y crecimiento infantil considerandoel nuevo estándar de crecimiento de la OMS.

Apesar dos comprovados benefícios do aleitamento materno em relação à diminuiçãoda morbi-mortalidade por doenças infecciosase respiratórias, o seu impacto em relação ao crescimento infantil ainda apresenta controvérsias. O presente estudo se propôs aavaliar a duração do aleitamento materno e verificar a sua associação com o crescimentode 118 crianças acompanhadas em uma coorte durante o primeiro ano de vida. O registro das práticas alimentares e das medidas antropométricas foi realizado mensalmente até o sexto mês e trimestralmente até os doze meses. O estado nutricional das crianças foi avaliado pela nova curva de referência desenvolvida em 2006 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS. Os dados foram analisados no programa Epi Info 3.3.2 e para avaliar a diferençaentre peso e estatura com e sem aleitamento materno, utilizou-se o teste t de student. No sexto mês, apenas 8,3% das crianças estavam em aleitamento materno exclusivo e, aos 12 meses, 33,8% encontravam-se em aleitamento materno. Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as crianças com ou sem aleitamento materno em relação à média de pesoe de comprimento avaliados aos 3, 6 e 12 mesesou ganho pôndero-estatural do nascimento aos 6 e aos 12 meses de vida. A maioria das criançasapresentou estado nutricional normal aos 6 e12 meses. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de novas pesquisas visando contribuir para melhor compreensão da influência do aleitamento materno sobre o desenvolvimento e crescimento infantil diante do novo padrão de referênciada OMS.